Internet & Networking Basics in Python
Understand how the internet works, how data travels across networks, and how requests reach backend servers built with Python.
What Is the Internet
Before learning HTTP, APIs, or FastAPI, it is important to understand what the internet actually is. Backend systems run on servers connected to the internet. When a client sends a request to your Python backend, that request travels across many networks before reaching your server.
1. Internet as a Network of Networks
How the internet is structured.
2. Purpose of the Internet
Why the internet exists.
Computers on the Internet
For communication to work, every device connected to the internet must be uniquely identifiable. When you deploy a Python backend, it runs on a machine that has its own identity on the internet.
1. IP Addresses
Unique identifiers for devices.
2. Ports
How multiple services run on one machine.
Domain Names & DNS
Humans prefer readable names like example.com. Computers communicate using IP addresses. DNS acts as a translation system between domain names and IP addresses.
1. Domain Names
Readable names for servers.
2. DNS Resolution
Converting domain names to IP addresses.
Data Transfer Over the Internet
When a client sends a request to a backend, the data does not travel as one large block. Instead, it is broken into smaller pieces and transmitted across networks.
1. Data Packets
How data is split and sent.
2. Latency and Reliability
Why speed and reliability vary.
HTTP and HTTPS Overview
HTTP is the foundation of communication between clients and backend servers. Most Python backend APIs (FastAPI, Django, Flask) use HTTP.
1. Role of HTTP
Why HTTP exists.
2. HTTPS and Security
Why HTTPS is essential.
How Requests Reach a Backend
Understanding the complete journey of a request helps in debugging and system design. When a user hits an API endpoint built with Python, multiple systems are involved.
1. Request Journey
Steps from client to server.
2. Intermediate Systems
Systems between client and backend.